International Journal of Thyroidology

Table. 1.

Table. 1.

Serum thyroid measures and perfluoroalkyl substances based on demographic characteristics

Characteristic N (%) Thyroid measures Perfluoroalkyl substances
TSH (μlU/mL) Total T4 (ng/dL) Total T3 (ng/dL) FreeT4 (ng/dL) PFOA (μg/L) PFOS (μg/L) PFHxS (μg/L) Me-PFOSA-AcOH (μg/L) PFNA (μg/L) PFDeA (μg/L) PFUA (μg/L)
M (IQR) M (IQR) M (IQR) M (IQR) M (IQR) M (IQR) M (IQR) M (IQR) M (IQR) M (IQR) M (IQR)
%>LOD 3070 - - - - 99.6 99.7 98.6 54.6 99.3 71 41.5
Total 3070 1.55 [1.06;2.30] 7.74 [6.88;8.80] 112 [99;126] 0.80 [0.70;0.90] 3.00 [1.90;4.80] 10.40 [5.80;18.00] 1.60 [0.87;2.80] 0.20 [0.14;0.40] 1.07 [0.74;1.64] 0.25 [0.14;0.40] 0.14 [0.14;0.29]
Age
20-50 1671 (54.4%) 1.44 [1.01;2.09] 7.66 [6.80;8.69] 116 [105;131] 0.80 [0.70;0.89] 2.64 [1.71;4.39] 8.40 [4.80;14.10] 1.28 [0.70;2.50] 0.14 [0.14;0.30] 0.98 [0.66;1.54] 0.22 [0.14;0.40] 0.14 [0.14;0.23]
51-65 738 (24.0%) 1.60*** [1.12;2.37] 7.75*** [6.86;8.80] 110*** [98;124] 0.80*** [0.70;0.90] 3.30*** [2.10;5.16] 11.65*** [7.02;20.50] 1.73*** [1.00;2.86] 0.20*** [0.14;0.40] 1.15*** [0.82;1.72] 0.28** [0.14;0.40] 0.14*** [0.14;0.30]
≥66 661 (21.5%) 1.77*** [1.18;2.71] 8.00*** [7.02;9.08] 104*** [90;114] 0.80*** [0.70;0.90] 3.50*** [2.38;5.40] 15.60*** [9.30;25.00] 2.15*** [1.30;3.51] 0.30*** [0.14;0.60] 1.15*** [0.81;1.80] 0.28** [0.14;0.48] 0.14*** [0.14;0.30]
Sex
Male 1586 (51.7%) 1.52 [1.06;2.27] 7.60*** [6.70;8.60] 113.*** [102;127] 0.80 [0.70;0.90] 3.46*** [2.26;5.40] 12.70*** [7.75;21.30] 2.10*** [1.23;3.40] 0.2 [0.14;0.40] 1.16*** [0.82;1.72] 0.29*** [0.14;0.40] 0.14** [0.14;0.30]
Female 1484 (48.3%) 1.58 [1.07;2.32] 7.97 [7.08;9.00] 110 [98;124] 0.80 [0.70;0.90] 2.57 [1.56;4.20] 8.10 [4.44;13.75] 1.1 [0.61;2.02] 0.18 [0.14;0.36] 0.98 [0.66;1.48] 0.21 [0.14;0.40] 0.14 [0.14;0.26]
Race
Mexican American 427 (13.9%) 1.55 [1.06;2.28] 8.06 [7.10;9.10] 118 [105;132] 0.80 [0.70;0.90] 9.10 [5.64;14.65] 1.40 [0.80;2.50] 0.14 [0.14;0.30] 0.95 [0.69;1.46] 0.20 [0.14;0.38] 0.14 [0.14;0.14] 9.10 [5.64;14.65]
Other Hispanic 349 (11.4%) 1.59*** [1.06;2.30] 7.90*** [7.10;9.00] 116*** [104;129] 0.80*** [0.70;0.90] 8.30*** [4.77;13.40] 1.40*** [0.66;2.40] 0.14*** [0.14;0.28] 1.04*** [0.68;1.51] 0.20*** [0.14;0.39] 0.14*** [0.14;0.27] 8.30*** [4.77;13.40]
Non-Hispanic White 1263 (41.1%) 1.72*** [1.19;2.55] 7.60*** [6.70;8.57] 110*** [97;125] 0.80*** [0.70;0.89] 11.00*** [6.46;18.40] 1.80*** [1.07;3.10] 0.30*** [0.14;0.50] 1.03*** [0.73;1.52] 0.21*** [0.14;0.40] 0.14*** [0.14;0.20] 11.00*** [6.46;18.40]
Non-Hispanic Black 675 (22.0%) 1.29*** [0.88;1.88] 7.75*** [6.83;8.80] 111*** [98;123] 0.80*** [0.70;0.89] 12.00*** [6.19;23.10] 1.78*** [0.90;3.06] 0.20*** [0.14;0.42] 1.23*** [0.82;1.81] 0.30*** [0.17;0.50] 0.18*** [0.14;0.36] 12.00*** [6.19;23.10]
Other race 356 (11.6%) 1.52*** [1.03;2.14] 7.80*** [6.96;8.89] 111*** [101;123] 0.85*** [0.77;0.94] 9.41*** [4.86;16.25] 1.12*** [0.69;1.90] 0.14*** [0.14;0.30] 1.19*** [0.70;1.98] 0.36*** [0.19;0.69] 0.30*** [0.14;0.80] 9.41*** [4.86;16.25]
BMI (kg/m2)
<25 1951 (64.4%) 1.49*** [1.02;2.20] 7.61*** [6.80;8.65] 111*** [99;125] 0.80 [0.70;0.90] 3.01 [1.98;4.90] 10.80* [6.11;18.20] 1.60* [0.90;2.90] 0.20 [0.14;0.40] 1.07 [0.74;1.64] 0.28*** [0.14;0.40] 0.14*** [0.14;0.30]
≥25 1079 (35.6%) 1.64 [1.15;2.43] 7.97 [7.00;9.04] 114 [101;128] 0.80 [0.70;0.90] 3.00 [1.82;4.78] 9.74 [5.54;17.85] 1.50 [0.80;2.68] 0.19 [0.14;0.35] 1.07 [0.74;1.58] 0.21 [0.14;0.40] 0.14 [0.14;0.20]
Smoking
Never 1687 (55.0%) 1.60** [1.09;2.38] 7.75 [6.90;8.80] 112 [100;125] 0.80 [0.70;0.90] 2.81*** [1.80;4.60] 9.92** [5.60;17.25] 1.40*** [0.78;2.60] 0.16*** [0.14;0.30] 1.07 [0.73;1.64] 0.26* [0.14;0.40] 0.14*** [0.14;0.30]
Smoker 1380 (45.0%) 1.48 [1.03;2.22] 7.71 [6.80;8.76] 112 [98;127] 0.80 [0.70;0.90] 3.20 [2.08;5.10] 10.80 [6.20;18.90] 1.80 [1.00;3.00] 0.20 [0.14;0.41] 1.07 [0.74;1.64] 0.24 [0.14;0.40] 0.14 [0.14;0.23]
Alcohol
Never 766 (27.3%) 1.60 [1.08;2.43] 8.06*** [7.11;9.10] 111 [98;125] 0.80* [0.70;0.90] 2.90** [1.71;4.70] 9.80** [5.59;17.70] 1.30*** [0.70;2.41] 0.20 [0.14;0.40] 1.07 [0.67;1.64] 0.23 [0.14;0.40] 0.14 [0.14;0.30]
Drinker 2042 (72.7%) 1.53 [1.06;2.26] 7.60 [6.72;8.68] 112 [100;126] 0.80 [0.70;0.90] 3.11 [2.05;4.93] 10.70 [6.15;18.40] 1.71 [0.98;3.00] 0.20 [0.14;0.40] 1.07 [0.74;1.64] 0.26 [0.14;0.40] 0.14 [0.14;0.26]
Thyroid autoantibody status
Negative 2689 (88.1%) 1.50*** [1.05;2.18] 7.73 [6.87;8.77] 112 [99;126] 0.80** [0.70;0.90] 3.05 [1.93;4.85] 10.30 [5.91;18.10] 1.60 [0.88;2.80] 0.20 [0.14;0.40] 1.07 [0.74;1.64] 0.26 [0.14;0.40] 0.14 [0.14;0.29]
Positive 362 (11.9%) 2.01 [1.22;3.23] 7.80 [6.90;9.02] 112 [100;127] 0.80 [0.70;0.89] 2.80 [1.80;4.70] 10.85 [5.50;17.30] 1.50 [0.80;2.70] 0.16 [0.14;0.38] 1.07 [0.73;1.64] 0.21 [0.14;0.40] 0.14 [0.14;0.30]

*p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001.

BMI: body mass index, IQR: interquartile range, LOD: limit of detection, M: median, Me-PFOSA-AcOH: 2-(N-methyl-perfluorooctane sulfonamido) acetic acid, PFDeA: perfluorodecanoate, PFHxS: perfluorohexane sulfonate, PFNA: perfluorononanoate, PFOA: perfluorooctanoate, PFOS: perfluorooctane sulfonate, PFUA: perfluoroundecanoate, TSH: thyroid-stimulating hormone

Int J Thyroidol 2020;13:19-29 https://doi.org/10.11106/ijt.2020.13.1.19
© 2020 Int J Thyroidol